Paper was prepared based on visits to some major footwear and leather training establishments in Europe and their training systems, methodology and syllabi . Information on professional education and training were collected from several other countries (e.g. Brasil, Hungary, South Africa). Experience gained through previous UNIDO assistance with regards human resource development was also considered. Outline proposals were prepared for discussion by the 13th UNIDO Leather Panel in Bologna in November 1997. A five stage structure was proposed which would allow trainees in any country to progress against known standards to the benefit of their company and themselves.